Push-Pull

Companion planting that pushes stem borers away from maize and pulls them toward a border grass.

Companion planting that pushes stem borers away from maize and pulls them toward a border grass.

Kenya

Grains & Cereals

Increased Biodiversity

Impact Highlights

250,000+

250,000+

Farmers reached

~2x

~2x

Maize yield on treated plots

Zero

Zero

Pesticide required

Summary

Practice snapshot

Practice

Push-pull intercropping

Implementin Organization

To be confirmed. Placeholder for the implementing organisation.

Geography

Kenya, Tanzania

Crops / Value Chain

Grains / Cereals

Adoption & outcomes

Farmers Reached

250,000

2026

Core Outcomes

Increased Biodiversity

Land Tenure

Land Tenure

Gender Participation

Gender Participation

Practitioner Languages

English, Kiswahili

Date Submitted

August 2026

How to Adopt

1

Confirm the pressure is present

Confirm the pressure is present

Establish that stem borer or striga pressure exists locally, since the practice is built around those two problems.

Establish that stem borer or striga pressure exists locally, since the practice is built around those two problems.

2

Secure companion seed

Secure companion seed

Arrange desmodium and Brachiaria seed ahead of planting. This is both the main cost and the main bottleneck.

Arrange desmodium and Brachiaria seed ahead of planting. This is both the main cost and the main bottleneck.

3

Establish demonstration plots

Establish demonstration plots

Plant a small number of visible plots in the first season so neighbouring farmers can compare against their own fields.

Plant a small number of visible plots in the first season so neighbouring farmers can compare against their own fields.

4

Extend to the wider group

Extend to the wider group

Use the demonstration results and the fodder benefit to recruit the next cohort, and plan for local seed multiplication.

Use the demonstration results and the fodder benefit to recruit the next cohort, and plan for local seed multiplication.

Key Takeaways

Recommendations for Successful Farmer Adoption

  • Invest in local seed and vine multiplication before promoting the system widely.

  • Support farmers through the first establishment season, which is where most failures occur.

  • Lead with the fodder benefit for livestock-keeping households.

  • Train on the full layout, since partial adoption does not deliver the pest effect.

Pitfalls and Implementation Risks

  • Promoting the system without a secured seed supply, which produces failed first seasons.

  • Treating it as a pest treatment that can be applied to part of a plot.

  • Ignoring the land cost of the border strip on very small holdings.

  • Publishing yield multiples from research plots as though they were farmer-field results.

Economics Snapshot

Key financial metrics

Average cost per hectare for program

18,200

Average cost per hectare to farmer

100%

Average farmer income gain

27%

More case studies.

More case studies.

Regenerative and climate-smart practices, direct from practitioners working with smallholders.

Regenerative and climate-smart practices,
direct from practitioners working with smallholders.

Regenerative and climate-smart practices, direct from practitioners working with smallholders.

Climate Action for Smallholders (CASH) Coalition Inc. is registered as a 501(c)(3) organization in the United States.

Climate Action for Smallholders (CASH) Coalition Inc. is registered as a 501(c)(3) organization in the United States.

Climate Action for Smallholders (CASH) Coalition Inc. is registered as a 501(c)(3) organization in the United States.